closed map

The research has been carried out basing on the conclusion that the image of connected set under the closed point-to-set map is a connected set.

本文通过反例说明了连通集上闭的点集映射的象集未必是连通集，从而揭示了多目标规划有效解集连通性研究中存在的问题。

The injection quantity and the injection timing are controlled on the basis of the MAP, and the rail pressure is mainly controlled by using PID of closed loop.

喷油量和喷油定时通过查MAP图计算来实现，共轨压力则主要采用闭环PID控制。

Spherical Map of Space Closed Curve

空间闭曲线的球面映射

First based on MAP estimation of a AM/ FM signal a phase locked loop with closed amplitude control and its mathematical model arc introduced;

导出了单个AM/FM的MAP估计方程，在此基础上构造了带有幅度闭环控制的锁相环路，并给出环路的数学模型。

Next, as application, we study the character of tree map whose periodic points form a closed set. At last, we study the relations between chaotic set and invariant measure.

作为应用，又讨论了周期点是闭集的树映射的特征，以及混沌集与不变测度的关系。